History Thread...

[CMRivdogs]

October 31, 

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/october-31

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On October 31, 1776, in his first speech before British Parliament since the leaders of the American Revolution came together to sign the Declaration of Independence that summer, King George IIIacknowledges that all was not going well for Britain in the war with the United States.

In his address, the king spoke about the signing of the U.S. Declaration of Independence and the revolutionary leaders who signed it, saying, “for daring and desperate is the spirit of those leaders, whose object has always been dominion and power, that they have now openly renounced all allegiance to the crown, and all political connection with this country.” The king went on to inform Parliament of the successful British victory over General George Washington and the Continental Army at the Battle of Long Island on August 27, 1776, but warned them that, “notwithstanding the fair prospect, it was necessary to prepare for another campaign.”

 

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November 3

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/november-3
 

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One World Trade Center officially opens in Manhattan on November 3, 2014. The new tower, along with the rest of the World Trade Center complex, replaced the Twin Towers and surrounding complex, which were destroyed by terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001.

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1903 

With the support of the U.S. government, Panama issues a declaration of independence from Colombia. The revolution was engineered by a Panamanian faction backed by the Panama Canal Company, a French-U.S. corporation that hoped to connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans with a waterway across the Isthmus of Panama.

In 1903, the Hay-Herrán Treaty was signed with Colombia, granting the United States use of the Isthmus of Panama in exchange for financial compensation. The U.S. Senate ratified the treaty, but the Colombian Senate, fearing a loss of sovereignty, refused. In response, President Theodore Roosevelt gave tacit approval to a rebellion by Panamanian nationalists, which began on November 3, 1903. To aid the rebels, the U.S.-administered railroad in Panama removed its trains from the northern terminus of Colón, thus stranding Colombian troops sent to crush the insurrection. Other Colombian forces were discouraged from marching on Panama by the arrival of the U.S. warship Nashville.

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On November 3, 1948, the Chicago Tribune jumps the gun and mistakenly declares New York Governor Thomas Dewey the winner of the previous days' presidential race against incumbent Harry S. Truman in a front-page headline: “Dewey Defeats Truman.”

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1957 The Soviet Union launches the first animal to orbit the earth into space—a dog nicknamed Laika—aboard the Sputnik 2spacecraft.

Laika, part Siberian husky, lived as a stray on the Moscow streets before being enlisted into the Soviet space program. Laika survived for a few hours as a passenger in the USSR’s second artificial Earth satellite, kept alive by a sophisticated life-support system. Electrodes attached to her body provided scientists on the ground with important information about the biological effects of space travel. She died from overheating and panic.

 

[CMRivdogs]

I was in St John's for a bit last week, one of our cruise stops. Bay of Fundy, nice shopping district as well..

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November 2, 1775 British post of St. Johns, Canada, surrendered with its garrison. 
November 4 Continental Congress approves reorganization of Continental Army before Boston, effective at the new year. It is to consist of 20,372 officers and men enlisted through the year 1776. A uniform ration for the army is also established.

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November 2, 1775 - Dixon & Hunter/VA Gazette/November 18, 1775 Stafford County, Aquia, Nov. 2, 1775 RAN away last Night, from the Subscriber, a Negro Man names CHARLES, who is a very shrewd sensible Fellow, and can both read and write; as he always waited upon me, he must be well known through most of Virginia and Maryland. He is very black, has a large Nose, and is about 5 Feet 8 or 10 Inches high. He took a Variety of Clothes which I cannot well particularize, stole several of my Shirts, a Pair of new Saddle Bags, and two MARES...From many Circumstances, there is Reason to believe he intends an Attempt to get to Lord Dunmore; and as I have Reason to believe his Design of going off was long premediated, and that he has gone off with some Accomplices, I am apprehensive he may prove daring and resolute, if endeavoured to be taken. His Elopement was from no Cause of Complaint, or Dread of a Whipping (for he has always been remarkably indulged, indeed too much so) but from a determined Resolution to get Liberty, as he conceived, by flying to Lord Dunmore. I will give 5 l. to any Person who secures him and the Mares, so that I get them again. ROBERT BRENT.

 

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The mayor-elect, 44, is popular as a stylish clotheshorse who loves nightlife and opposes Prohibiton; he had also written a hit song, “Will You Love Me in December as You Do in May?” In office, his charm and wit sustain him until corruption scandals drive him out in 1932. 

In other results, A. Harry Moore, a Democrat who campaigned as a “wet” on Prohibition, is elected governor of New Jersey. Boston gets its first Republican mayor in 18 years, Malcolm Nichols, and the Klan is rebuffed with the loss of its favored mayoral candidate in Detroit. 

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He continues in his letter to Massachusetts patriot James Warren: "The Wheels of Providence seem to be in their swiftest Motion; Events succeed each other so rapidly that the most industrious and able Politicians can scarcely improve them to the full purpose for which they seem to be designed." 2/2

 

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On November 4, 1791, a multitribal confederation, formed to resist colonial expansion into their historical homelands, routs a large contingent of U.S. troops along the Wabash River in western Ohio.

This one-sided clash, known as the Battle of the Wabash or St. Clair’s Defeat, would be the biggest victory ever won by Native Americans over the United States—with far more casualties inflicted than even the Battle of the Little Bighorn—and would prompt a major overhaul of the American military.

With the passage of the Northwest Ordinance in 1787, the newly independent United States opened an early phase of westward expansion into lands occupied by the Shawnee, Miami, Delaware, Wyandot and other Great Lakes tribes.

Banding together to fight the incursion, the tribes rebuffed an assault in 1790 near present-day Fort Wayne, Indiana, killing 183 U.S. soldiers in the campaign. This prompted the United States to muster an even larger force the following year.

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/november-4/battle-of-wabash

 

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November 5

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/november-5

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On November 5, 1941, the Combined Japanese Fleet receive Top-Secret Order No. 1: In just over a month's time, Pearl Harbor is to be bombed, along with Malaya (now known as Malaysia), the Dutch East Indies and the Philippines.

Relations between the United States and Japan had been deteriorating quickly since Japan’s occupation of Indochina in 1940 and the implicit menacing of the Philippines (an American protectorate), with the occupation of the Cam Ranh naval base approximately 800 miles from Manila. American retaliation included the seizing of all Japanese assets in the States and the closing of the Panama Canal to Japanese shipping. In September 1941, President Roosevelt issued a statement, drafted by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, that threatened war between the United States and Japan should the Japanese encroach any further on territory in Southeast Asia or the South Pacific.

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1605 Early in the morning, King James I of England learns that a plot to explode the Parliament building has been foiled, hours before he was scheduled to sit with the rest of the British government in a general parliamentary session.

At about midnight on the night of November 4-5, Sir Thomas Knyvet, a justice of the peace, found Guy Fawkes lurking in a cellar under the Parliament building and ordered the premises searched. Some 20 barrels of gunpowder were found, and Fawkes was taken into custody. During a torture session on the rack, Fawkes revealed that he was a participant in an English Catholic conspiracy to annihilate England’s Protestant government and replace it with Catholic leadership.

What became known as the Gunpowder Plot was organized by Robert Catesby, an English Catholic whose father had been persecuted by Queen Elizabeth I for refusing to conform to the Church of England. Guy Fawkes had converted to Catholicism, and his religious zeal led him to fight in the Spanish army in the Netherlands. Catesby and the handful of other plotters rented a cellar that extended under Parliament, and Fawkes planted the gunpowder there, hiding the barrels under coal and wood.

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On November 5, 1872, 48 years before American women gain the right to vote with the 19th Amendment, pioneering women’s rights activist Susan B. Anthony illegally attempts to cast a vote in the presidential election. Anthony, who had devoted five decades of her life to women’s suffrage, gets arrested two weeks later for the shenanigan—and is tried and convicted the following year.

 

Edited Wednesday at 03:06 PM by CMRivdogs

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November 6

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/november-6

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1860. Abraham Lincoln is elected the 16th president of the United States over a deeply divided Democratic Party, becoming the first Republican to win the presidency. Lincoln received only 40 percent of the popular vote but handily defeated the three other candidates: Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge, Constitutional Union candidate John Bell, and Northern Democrat Stephen Douglas, a U.S. senator for Illinois.

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On November 6, 1861, Jefferson Davis is elected president of the Confederate States of America. He ran without opposition, and the election simply confirmed the decision that had been made by the Confederate Congress earlier in the year.

Like his Union counterpart, President Abraham Lincoln, Davis was a native of Kentucky, born in 1808. He attended West Point and graduated in 1828. After serving in the Black Hawk War of 1832, Davis married Sarah Knox Taylor, the daughter of General (and future U.S. president) Zachary Taylor, in 1835. However, Sarah contracted malaria and died within several months of their marriage. Davis married Varina Howells in 1845. He served in the Mexican War (1846-48), during which he was wounded. After the war, he was appointed to fill a vacant U.S. senate seat from Mississippi, and later served as secretary of war under President Franklin Pierce.

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On November 6, 1869, Rutgers beats Princeton, 6-4, in the first college football game. The game, played with a soccer ball before roughly 100 fans in New Brunswick, New Jersey, resembles rugby instead of today's football.

Even off the playing fields, the rivalry between the New Jersey schools, located 20 miles apart, was heated. At the time, Princeton was known as the College of New Jersey.

"For years each had striven for possession of an old Revolutionary cannon, making night forays and lugging it back and forth time and again," recalled Rutgers' John W. Herbert, who played in the first game, in a 1930 newspaper feature. "Not long before the first football game, the canny Princetonians had settled this competition in their own favor by ignominiously sinking the gun in several feet of concrete."

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1492 Christopher Columbus notes in his journal that Arawak Indians had introduced his crew to smoking tobacco. Back in Spain, one crew member was jailed after alarmed people called a man blowing smoke out of his mouth and nose the work of Satan.

 

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Schuyler is defending the decision not to advance further into Canada without first capturing Fort St. John. If the army had left a portion of its strength besieging St. John while the rest moved north, there was a possibility of “effectually cut[ting] off every possibility of Retreat.”

In that case, says Schuyler, “the Canadians I do firmly believe would immediately have joined Mr [Guy] Carlton,” the imperial governor of Quebec, and taken up arms against the stranded Continental army. https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-02-02-0291

 

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November 7

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/november-7

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On November 7, 1944, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt is elected to an unprecedented fourth term in office. FDR remains the only president to have served more than two terms.

Roosevelt rose above personal and political challenges to emerge as one of the nation’s most revered and influential presidents. In 1921, at the age of 39, he contracted polio and thereafter was burdened with leg braces; eventually, he was confined to a wheelchair. From the time he was first elected to the presidency in 1932 to mid-1945, when he died while in office, Roosevelt presided over two of the biggest crises in U.S. history: the Great Depression of the 1930s and World War II.

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On November 7, 1989, in New York, former Manhattan borough president David Dinkins, a Democrat, is elected New York City’s first African American mayor, while in Virginia, Lieutenant Governor Douglas Wilder, also a Democrat, becomes the first elected African American state governor in American history.

Although Wilder was the first African American to be popularly elected to the governor’s post, he was not the first African American to hold that office. That distinction goes to Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback, a Reconstruction-era lieutenant general of Louisiana who became Louisiana state governor in December 1872. Pinchback served as acting governor for five weeks while impeachmentproceedings were in progress against Governor Henry Clay Warmoth.

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1962 Richard Nixon concedes his loss in the California governor's race, telling assembled press: "You won't have Nixon to kick around anymore because, gentlemen, this is my last press conference." He would win the presidency six years later.

 

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In writing his proclamation Dunmore acts from practical, not humanitarian, considerations. Since June he hasn’t dared to remain in Virginia’s capital, Williamsburg, instead finding safety on a warship anchored off Norfolk. Outside that town the loyalists hold no sway. 

Enslaved Black people are a key point of contention. Dunmore has sent the Royal Navy on raids along the coast, during which several escaped slaves were allowed to take refuge with them. Colonists who own the slaves are enraged, accusing the British of stirring up a racial uprising. 
 

In their most recent attack on the colonists, at the port city of Hampton Oct. 25-26, several Black ex-slaves assisted the naval force. One of them, a river pilot named Joseph Harris showed bravery in helping a wounded officer; two others were captured and will be sold back into slavery. 

The Scottish-born Dunmore, who is himself a plantation and slave owner, had threatened before to decree emancipation. In April he had warned the House of Burgesses that if they didn’t cease agitation “he would declare Freedom to the Slaves & reduce the City of Williamsburg to ashes.” 
As Dunmore pens this bombshell statement he is hearing word of a patriot troop movements toward Norfolk and assembling Black volunteers into a unit to be called the Ethiopian Regiment. He intends to await the outcome of a successful battle before making public what he’s written.