Which words/idioms? I watched your clip and honestly, none of them leaped out at me. I am always keenly interested in this kind of thing.
There was an example of what you mean in Killers of the Flower Moon, which had a pow-wow scene from the time (1920s) during which a tribal elder used the word "genocide", which itself was not coined until the Nuremberg Trials.
Another example from 25-ish years ago was from the TV show "Freaks and Geeks", which takes place at a Mount Clemens-adjacent high school in 1980 The Neil character was talking to the Sam character about Sam's crush, Cindy Sanders, and was trying to talk him out of pursuing her, something along the lines of, "she's a hot cheerleader, you're a nerd ... do the math". I promise you, no one in 1980 said "do the math" in a way that meant what it had come to mean by 2000.